中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
中外专家建言平台经济反垄断 吁规范“市场守门人”****** (经济观察)中外专家建言平台经济反垄断 吁规范“市场守门人” 中新社北京12月21日电 (记者 王恩博)随着平台经济在全球范围内崛起，由此滋生的一些平台垄断行为侵害消费者利益、影响公平竞争，也引起各方警惕。 近日在北京举行的一场学术研讨沙龙上，多位中外专家表示，数字经济为大众生活带来了巨大便利，各国监管机构对其发展一直采取审慎包容态度。但未来相关领域要实现增强创新活力、降低市场进入壁垒、避免滥用市场支配地位等目标，还有诸多重点问题需要关注。 德国曼海姆欧洲经济研究中心院长、德国反垄断委员会成员阿希姆·瓦姆巴赫(AchimWambach)所著《不安的变革：数字时代的市场竞争与大众福利》一书近期在中国出版。该书关注的正是如何在发挥市场经济作用前提下，通过竞争政策规范数字化变革中的企业行为，并最终增进大众福利。 瓦姆巴赫表示，在强调竞争的经济政策指导下，德国规模前100大企业的营业收入占GDP比重在过去几十年中持续下降，有效保护了中小企业的生存、稳定了就业。 但他也坦言，数字化变革对这种稳态构成了冲击，领先科技企业的市场份额持续扩大，并在不断大量追加研发支出，不断拓展创新边界并扩大自身优势，市场集中趋势不断加强，且存在企业滥用市场势力损害大众福利现象。对此，德国和欧盟的应对方式是完善反垄断法律法规和开展国际合作，推出GAIA-X等欧洲数据平台等。 值得注意的是，欧盟委员会近日公布了《数字服务法案》及《数字市场法案》草案，旨在明确数字服务提供者的责任并遏制大型网络平台恶性竞争行为。 德国政府宏观经济顾问托马斯·费泽介绍，《数字市场法案》草案将大型平台企业称为“市场守门人”(Gatekeeper)，因为其具有制定市场准入门槛的能力，并针对这类平台提出了“守门人法规”。此前欧盟相关法律法规制订和执行都耗时较长，此番立法体现出对提升执法速度和效率的追求，并力图在动态和静态效率之间取得平衡。 规范平台经济竞争模式，中国亦动作频频。如国家市场监管总局日前发布《关于平台经济领域的反垄断指南(征求意见稿)》，针对互联网平台企业作出更多细化规定。 对外经济贸易大学竞争法中心主任、国务院反垄断委员会专家咨询组成员黄勇表示，反垄断法初衷是防止市场上出现排除、限制竞争的垄断行为，在数字经济中实现这一目标，关键在于认识数字经济领域的反竞争效果，其中有两个重点、难点问题：一是对数据属性和意义进行明确；二是结合相关市场的界定认识反竞争行为的发生场景。 在司法部政府法制研究中心副主任李富成看来，公开透明、公平竞争、可预期、无歧视的营商环境是需要国家提供的制度公共品。但电商平台企业特别是超大规模的电商平台企业承担了对平台上众多市场主体的治理功能，也要在电商经济制度基础设施建设过程中发挥积极作用，协同培育平台间和平台上的良好商业生态。 中国信通院政策与经济研究所监管研究部主任李强治亦指出，平台企业一系列新的经济社会角色使其在生态治理中的必要性和重要性大大提升，政府直接治理所有市场主体的传统模式不再适用，构建政府与平台协同的多元治理体系应是未来平台经济治理模式设计的主要方向。(完) 彩神彩票app地图 |
